垄作覆盖下小麦、玉米产量、土壤碳素转化及水分研究

Study on Wheat and Corn Yields,Soil Carbon and Water under Ridge Culture with Straw Mulch

研究了旱地小麦、玉米一年两熟制下垄作覆盖对土壤溶解性有机碳和微生物量碳含量、水分及作物产量的影响。在洛阳市农林科学院内防渗精确水分池内,设置垄作覆盖、秸秆覆盖、传统耕作(对照)3个处理,结果表明,(1)垄作覆盖下作物增产显著,小麦较对照增产11.05%,玉米增产32.40%;小麦水分利用效率提高0.36 kg/(mm.hm2),玉米水分利用效率提高2.72kg/(mm.hm2)。(2)垄作覆盖提高了0～200cm土壤含水量,为小麦、玉米生长提供充足的水分。(3)垄作覆盖下0～5cm、5～10cm土层溶解性有机碳含量,小麦田分别较对照增加了39.7mg/kg、27.5mg/kg,玉米田分别较对照增加了52.1%、61.2%。(4)垄作覆盖下微生物量碳含量:小麦田0～5、5～10、10～20cm土层分别较对照增加了120.7mg/kg、158.6mg/kg和132.2mg/kg;耕层微生物量碳平均含量较对照高94.1%;玉米田0～5cm、5～10cm土层分别较对照高167.2mg/kg、78.2mg/kg,10～20cm与对照比差异不明显。垄作覆盖技术既可提高0～200cm土壤含水量和水分利用效率,又可显著提高0～5cm溶解性有机碳和微生物量碳含量,利于小麦、玉米高产稳产。

This experiment set three treatments,ridge culture with straw mulch,straw mulch,and traditional cultivation（CK） within the accurate impervious pool in Luoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,to study the influence of ridge culture with straw mulch on soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon content,moisture content and crop yields under two crops a year cropping pattern of wheat corn system.Results showed as follows：（1） The yields increased significantly under the treatment of ridge culture with straw mulch.Compared with CK,wheat yield increased by 11.05%,and corn yield increased by 32.40%.Wheat water use efficiency could be increased by 0.36kg/（mm·ha）,and corn water use efficiency could be increased by 2.72 kg/（mm·ha）.（2）Ridge culture with straw mulch could increase soil moisture within 0-200 cm,to provide adequate moisture for crops.（3） Under ridge culture with straw mulch,soil dissolved organic carbon contents within 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm were increased by 39.7 mg/kg and 27.5 mg/kg in the wheat field,and by 52.1% and 61.2% in the corn field,compared with CK.（4） Under ridge culture with straw mulch,soil microbial biomass carbon contents within 0-5 cm,5-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were increased by 120.7 mg/kg,158.6 mg/kg and 132.2 mg/kg in the wheat field compared with CK.The highest microbial biomass carbon content was in topsoil averagely,which was 283.0 mg/kg,increased by 94.1%.The soil microbial biomass carbon content in the corn field was increased by 167.2 mg/kg and 78.2 mg/kg within 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers,but it was not significantly different from CK within 10-20 cm.