灌溉条件下河南省土壤墒情变化规律初探

Change Law of Soil Moisture Content under Irrigation Condition in Henan Province

在豫东潮土区进行了5a的土壤墒情与旱情监测工作,探索土壤墒情变化规律。结果表明,灌溉条件下,不同栽培模式土壤墒情总的变化规律是:6、7、8月份土壤墒情充足,其他月份欠缺,特别是4、5月份,正是农作物需水量大的时期,土壤水分含量不能满足农作物的需求。从单个栽培模式看,青砂土果园,从4月份到10月份,各层土壤水分含量比较高,其他月份则整体下降,20～40cm土层含水量低于适宜含水量;夹壤淤土大蒜-玉米(西瓜)栽培模式,随着土体深度的增加含水量逐渐降低,土壤含水量最高时段出现在雨季的8月份,最低时段出现在来年的3月份;体砂小两合土小麦-玉米栽培模式,各土层水分随时间变化波动较大,特别在4、5月份和8、9月份,小麦、玉米需水量大,而土壤水分却供应不足;底壤砂土花生(西瓜套玉米)-冬休闲(小麦)栽培模式,各土层含水量随时间变化不大,0～20cm土层墒情不足;夹黏青砂土小麦-胡萝卜(花生)栽培模式,7、8、9月份各土层水分充足。4-5月份各种栽培模式下,土壤水分亏缺时,均应加强水分管理。

The work of soil moisture and drought monitoring was done in eastern Henan for five years since early 2004,in order to explore the change law of soil moisture content.The change of soil moisture was monitored in different soil types with different cultivation models under irrigation condition.As a whole,it was lack of soil water for crops growth except in June,July and August.Especially in April and May,moisture in the soil could not meet the needs of crops.From individual cultivation patterns,moisture content was higher in each soil layer from April to October and declined in other months（the soil water content in 20 to 40 cm was below the appropriate moisture content line） for the cultivation model of fruit trees grown in green sand.For the cultivation model of garlic-maize（watermelon） grown in clip loam silt soil,the moisture decreased gra-dually with the increase of soil depth,and the content of soil water was highest at the rainy season of August and lowest in March of next year.For the cultivation model of wheat-maize grown in body sand,the water content fluctuated comparatively greatly with the time change in each soil layer,and moisture in the soil could not meet the needs of the crops in April,May,August and September.For the cultivation model of peanut（watermelon and maize）-winter fallow（wheat） grown in bottom loamy sand,the fluctuation of the water content in each soil layer was small with the change of time,but it was lack of water in 0 to 20 cm soil layer.For the cultivation model of wheat-carrot（peanut） grown in clip sticky green sand,the soil water was inadequate for crop growth except in July,August and September.