刘知几与章学诚的史家修养理论比较研究

Analysis of Liu Zhiji and Zhang Xuecheng's Theory of Historians' Cultivation Comparison

我国古代史学理论大家刘知几、章学诚均提出了有关史家修养的理论,刘知几认为史家应具备"才、学、识",章学诚在继承刘知几史家修养理论的基础上,进一步提出"史德",丰富和发展了史家修养理论。刘知几、章学诚均重视"才、学、识",但刘知几最重"史识",章学诚尤重"史德"。比较和分析二者的史家修养理论,不仅能使我们发现他们理论的异同,深刻理解史家修养理论,而且对当今史学发展也具有一定的启示功用。

Liu Zhiji and Zhang Xuecheng are famous for their historical theory in ancient China. They all put forward the theory of historian historians＇ cultivation which has important sense to improve historian self-cultivation and historical development. Liu Zhiji argued that historians should have ＂ability, learning, knowledge＂, Zhang Xuecheng further put forward historian moral on the basis of the Liu Zhiji^s theory,enriched and developed the theory of the historians~ cultiva- tion. They all emphasize ＂ability,learning, knowledge＂, Liu Zhiji emphasize ＂knowledge＂ mostly, but Zhang Xuecheng relied heavily on ＂moral＂. Comparison and analysis on Liu Zhiji and Zhang Xuecheng＇s theory of self-cultivation,not only enable us to find their theories difference, under- standing the theory deeply, but also has certain enlightenment function on the contemporary historiography development.