恩格斯的国家祸害论不是能淡忘的——兼与李延明先生等商榷

National Disaster Theory Proposed by Engels Can Not Be Forgotten——Exchanging Views with Mr.Li Yanming and Other Scholars

1891年3月,恩格斯在为马克思的《法兰西内战》所写的导言中说,国家是一个祸害,"胜利了的无产阶级"应"同公社一样"立即除去这个祸害的最坏方面。这是说,无产阶级要有自己所需要的国家,不能运用旧的国家来进行管理。可是,《马克思恩格斯政治学说研究》的作者在理解恩格斯这段话时,忘记了国家是一个祸害,要求"胜利了的无产阶级"把旧的国家机器掌握在自己的手里。这样一来,马克思、恩格斯关于无产阶级革命和专政学说、唯物主义国家观也就荡然无存了。当前,随着我国政治社会结构的变迁,国家与社会关系状态已经发生了巨大变化,即由高度一体化向良性分化转变,在这一社会转型的关键时期,还马克思主义关于国家理论、关于无产阶级革命和专政学说的本来面目具有深远的理论和历史意义。还马克思主义本色,国家祸害论不是能淡忘的。

Engels proposed that nation is a disaster and the victorious proletariat should eliminate the worst aspect of the disaster immediately as the commune,in the preface of Civil War by Karl Marx,March,1891.In his opinion,the proletariat should master a new country with its ownneeds,which can not be supervised by the old state apparatus.In research,the author forgets the theory that nation is a disaster,insisting that the victorious proletariat should govern the country with the old state apparatus,which destroys the theory of proletarian revolution,proletarian dictatorship and materialistic state view put forward by Marx and Engels.With political changes of our country,the relationship between state and society has greatly changed,which transformed from high integration to benign differentiation.In the period of social transformation,restoring Marxism theories about the nation,proletarian revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat contains profound and historical significance.Thus,the paper emphasizes the essence of Marxist original works and proposes that national disaster theory can not be forgotten.