明代社会文化的演化对通俗小说的影响

Influence of Ming Dynasty Social Cultural Evolution on Popular Fiction

明代是通俗小说创作的繁盛时期,出现了很多经久不衰的优秀作品,《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》、《金瓶梅》、"三言"、"二拍"等,但这些作品无论所选取的题材、思想内容还是表现方式都有相当大的差别。现实社会是小说根植的土壤,我们从社会文化哲学的角度考察不难发现,明代社会文化经历了一个动态的发展过程,即由保守、僵化走向新异、活跃。封建王朝的文化政策,个性解放的人文主义思潮,商品经济的发展和市井文化的世俗风情等都直接作用于通俗小说,为作品输送源源不断的创作源泉。

Ming dynasty has witnessed the prosperity of popular fictions in Chinese history.Romance of the Three Kingdoms、Journey to the West,Outlaws of the Marsh,The Golden Lotus and many others are all among the classical masterpieces of such a time,but these representatives are considerably different from each other from the themes to the ideological contents and the pattern of manifestation as well.All fictions are all deeply rooted in social reality.It could be easy,from the perspective of social and cultural philosophy,found that Ming dynasty has experienced a development process from being conservative and rigid to being novel and active.So the adopted cultural policies,the humanist thoughts of personal liberation,the development of commodity economy and the secular style of popular culture have functioned as the sources of and exerted great influence on the creation of popular fictions in Ming dynasty.