数控马鞍形切割(焊接)机研制

Design of Numberical Control Saddle Shape Cutting(Welding) Machine

为了提高加工精度和生产效率,设计了数控马鞍形切割(焊接)机。从马鞍形———两圆柱体相贯线,以动点移动轨迹为主体进行分析从而建立轨迹方程。据其运动轨迹分析设计出数控马鞍形加工机,由控制机和机床两部组成。控制采用微处理器为主要控制部件,可半自动编程控制两坐标轴运动,驱动两步进电机带动割具进行加工。由于选用逐点比较法的圆弧、直线插补对相贯线的形成会产生误差,讨论了误差的形成,指出误差主要是轴向误差,并给出误差计算公式,强调分段加工对加工精度的影响,其分段数是主要因素。控制部分除具有插补功能外,还具有多种辅助功能。该机加工精度高、效率高且成本低,可替代进口切割(焊接)机。

Saddle shape is often met in actual production. The conneted part of a log and a pipe is saddle shape. Actually it's just the penetration line of two cross-intersected cylinders. The numberical control saddle shape cutting(welding) machine is designed to get higher matching accuracy and productivity. A locus equation was established through analyzing the moving point locus-the saddle shape curve formed by crossed intersection of two cylinders. And a machine was designed based on the analysis result, which consists of two parts, controller and actuator. The controller can be semiprogrammed, by using micro-processor as the main part, and controls movement in two dimensions. It commands two step-by-step motors which drive the back hack to work. Because the arc was shaped by point to point comparison and calculated by linear interpolation the penetrating line might have error. The article discussed the error, pointed out that the error is mainly axial error and gave a formular to calculate the error. The article also emphasized the effect produced by segmental production on matching accuracy. Except interpolation function, the controlling part has some other subsidiary functions. Higher machining accuracy and productivity and lower production cost are gotten when using the machine. It can be the substitute of import cutting(welding)machine.