张家界旅游城市化响应强度与机制分析

Analysis of the Tourism Urbanization Response Intensity and Mechanism in Zhangjiajie

文章提出旅游城市化响应强度的概念,并将旅游城市化响应强度周期划分为快速、平稳、创新和分化4个阶段,以旅游城市化响应强度系数为测度旅游城市响应强度的变量指标,利用张家界1989～2010年相关统计数据,分析了张家界旅游城市化响应强度的时序演变特征,并进一步从静态和动态分析了张家界旅游城市化响应强度的影响机制。结果发现:1989～2010年张家界旅游城市化响应强度呈现出上升趋势,并呈现阶段性演变特征;从静态来看,张家界人均GDP、人均全社会固定资产投资、人均建成市区面积和市域旅游开发强度与旅游城市化响应系数存在正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9026、0.8841、0.8405和0.7928;从动态来看,对旅游城市化有影响的因素按照影响大小排序为:人均GDP>人均建成市区面积>人均全社会固定资产投资>市域旅游开发强度。

The last two decades have seen dramatic social economic and cultural changes in China, and in the case of urban development one of the most striking of the new urban forms to emerge is tourism urbanization. Despite the rapid development of cities and towns specially built for tourism consumptions since 1990s in China, the issue of tourism urbanization has only been dealt with by a handful of researchers. The current study was therefore conducted to address this research gap by proposing the concept of Response Intensity of Tourism Urbanization （RITU）, which can be divided into four stages of development, consolidation, innovation, and differentiation. Based on the longitudinal analysis of tourism statistics in Zhangjiajie between 1989 and 2010 and using the Response Intensity Index （RII） as an indicator of RITU, this study investigated the evolution and temporal features of the RITU in Zhangjiajie, and identified the factors that impact the RITU. Study results revealed that in general, the RITU in Zhangjiajie increased over time with several phases. There is a positive correlation between RII and GDP per capita, per capita investment in fixed assets, per capita built-up urban area, and the intensity of urban tourism development, with the coefficients of 0. 9026,0. 8841,0. 8405 and 0. 7928 respectively. The factors that impact the RITU, in a descending order, are GDP per capita, per capita built-up urban area, per capita investment in fixed assets, and the intensity of urban tourism development. While contributing to the understanding of tourism urbanization, the results reported herein are context-specific and are not intended for generalization, due to the fact that the process of tourism urbanization will be influenced by diverse factors in different regions. And this remains a topic for future investigation.