社会转型、利益博弈与制度成长——以《劳动合同法》的制定为个案的研究

Social Transformation,Interest Contest and System Growth——Taking the example of making of Labor Contract Law

市场经济发展和社会结构分化必然带来利益分化,而制度化、合规则的利益博弈有助于实现利益均衡,促进制度成长。以《劳动合同法》的制定为个案,考察其具体的修成过程,有助于厘清社会转型期中国利益博弈的基本状况。《劳动合同法》的出台过程充满各个利益主体间激烈的利益博弈和相互妥协;立法过程中体现的科学立法和民主立法精神有望固化为一种制度,从而对中国的制度成长产生深远影响。但需要注意的是,利益博弈的过程中也存在话语权不对等、非均衡博弈等缺陷,因而,我们需要规范利益博弈过程,抑制强势利益集团过分的利益主张,维护弱势群体的合法权益,实现利益博弈与制度成长的良性互动。

Market economy growth and social structure differentiation will necessarily lead to interest differentiation while systemized and standardized interest contest will help achieve interest balance and improve system growth. Taking the example of the making of Labor Contract Law and studying the specific process will help us clarify fundamental situations of interest contest in the period of social transformation. The making of the law is accompanied by tense interest contest and mutual compromises among various interest groups; the scientific and democratic legislation in the process will hopefully become a system and therefore have a profound influence on system growth. However, in interest contesting, there exists an unequal discourse fight and imbalanced contests so we should standardize the process of interest contest, suppress improper proposals of mighty interest groups and protect legal rights of weak groups to achieve a virtuous interaction between interest contest and system growth.