用炼油厂石油焦制备活性炭的研究

A STUDY OF USING REFINERY PETROLEUM COKE TO MANUFACTURE ACTIVE CARBON

活性炭广泛应用于物质的吸附分离和净化，用木材果壳及优质煤生产活性炭，存在着原料来源少、成本高等问题；煤油厂重质油资源丰富、分布广、价格低，由它制得的石油焦炭含量比木材和煤高得多，用其制造的活性炭收率高、比表面积大，而且石油焦的灰分、挥发份低，生产的活性炭杂质含量少。因此开发炭原料来源，对我国活性炭工业的发展和技术进步具有重大经济和社会效益。以炼油厂石油焦为原料，选择ＫＯＨ 为活化剂，添加其它助剂（ 水、丙酮等）可制得ＢＥＴ＊ ＊ ＊ 比表面积大、吸附性能相当高的活性炭。通过实验优化出最佳工艺为：选择ＫＯＨ 为活化剂，添加助剂丙酮和水，在３００ ℃和８００ ℃各停留１ ｈ ，活化时间为１ ｈ，所得活性炭用双柱定容量法测定其对甲烷的吸附平衡吸附量是宁夏厂活性炭的５ 倍左右。

Active carbon is widely used for absorption,separation and purification of substance.If active carbon is made by using wood,rind of fruit and high quality coal as the raw material,there exists the problems of limited raw material source and high cost.In refinery,heavy oil is abundant,wide distributed and low priced,and the petroleum coke made out of heavy oil has a content of carbon much higher than that made out of wood and coal and has a high recovery ratio and a large specific surface.In addition,the ash content and volatile of the petroleum coke are low,so the dirt content of the active carbon made out of petroleum coke is few.Therefore,opening up the source of carbon's raw material is of important economic and social benefits for the development and technical progress of active carbon industry in China.By using refinery petroleum coke as the raw material and selecting KOH as the activator and by adding other additives (water and acetone,etc.),the active carbon with large specific surface and relatively high absorption property can be manufactured.Through experiment,the optimized technology is determined as follows:using KOH as the activator and water and acetone as the additives and keeping the active carbon in at 300℃ and 800℃ respectively for one hour (the activating time being one hour).Through determining by constant volume method,the active carbon obtained has about five fold as much average methane absorbed power as that made by the plant in Ningxia.