上颌窦后壁进路翼腭窝的解剖学研究

The anatomy study of the pterygopalatine fossa through the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus

目的模拟上颌窦后壁进路翼腭窝,定量研究该区重要结构的形态特征及重要血管神经的走行规律及变异,为临床手术提供解剖学参考数据。方法观察10例(20侧)成人干颅骨标本的重要骨性标志,并对10%甲醛溶液固定的10例(20侧)国人成人头颅湿标本行上颌窦后壁进路显微解剖,观察并测量翼腭窝内的血管、神经结构及其毗邻关系。结果上颌窦后壁的中上1/3与内壁、顶壁交角点处周围1cm的范围进路翼腭窝暴露清晰。结论上颌窦后壁进路翼腭窝创伤小,暴露清晰,是一个具有临床应用意义的手术途径。

Objective To study the important morphological features and the traveling rules and variations of the important blood vessels and nerves by simulating the path of the maxillary sinus into the pterygopalatine fossa for providing an anatomical reference data for clinical observed in 10 patients （20 sides）,then the microsurgical surgery. Methods The important signs of adult skull were anatomy of wet skull specimens fixed by 10% formaldehyde had been made in another 10 patients （20 sides）,through the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, the blood vessels and nerves of the pterygopalatine fossa were observed and measured. Results A clear sight was provided on the superposterior wall （1/3）of the maxillary sinus and lcm area around the top point of the wall angle, and these were safer area to-avoid injuring the brain. Conclusion The path of posterior wall of maxillary sinus into the pterygopalatine fossa is considered a less destroy and a clear exposure,so it is significant for clinical surgical treatment.