试析儒家德育的三种类型及其现代命运

Analyzing Three Types of Confucian Moral Education & Their Fate in the Modern Times

在漫长的历史演变中,儒家德育与封建专制的意识形态并不总是形成共谋、共存的关系。从儒家德育与封建权力意识形态的关系来分析,至少存在着三种不同类型的儒家德育:一是前权力型的儒家德育,它没有成为封建专制权力的意识形态工具,它与专制权力保持着距离;二是权力型的儒家德育,它与封建专制权力形成了共谋关系,最终成为了封建专制权力的意识形态工具;三是后权力型的儒家德育,它从封建专制权力的束缚中解放了出来,成为一种更为纯粹的品德教育形式。这三种类型的儒家德育对于现代道德精神和现代教育的适应能力是截然不同的,因此,它们也将面临着截然不同的现代命运。

In the long history of evolution, Confucian moral education didn＇t always have a coexistent relationship with the feudalistic ideology. Analyzing from the relationship between Confucian moral education and feudalistic power ideology, at least three types of Confucian moral education can be found. One is the pre-power Confucian moral education which didn＇t become the ideological instrument of feudal tyranny, keeping a distance with it. The second one is the power-based Confucian moral education which made plans together with the feudal tyranny, finally becoming the ideological instrument of it. The third one is the post-power Confucian moral education which was liberated from the constraints of feudalist tyranny, becoming a purer form of moral education. The three types of Confucian moral education are completely different in their adaptation to the modem moral spirit and modem education. Therefore, they will be faced with different modem fate.