孕妇营养素补充剂使用及影响因素分析

Use of dietary supplements and its influence factors in pregnant women

目的了解孕妇营养素补充剂使用现状及影响因素,为今后指导孕妇合理选用营养素补充剂提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查方式收集473名孕妇基本信息、营养素补充剂使用、对营养素补充剂的认知情况和态度等情况,并进行分析。结果 473名孕妇中,有274人(57.93%)选用营养素补充剂,其中41.67%是接受医生推荐,选用较多的是维生素类,为168人(32.75%),选用维生素矿物质复合型类149人(29.04%),31.75%选择同时服用≥2种补充剂;营养素补充剂认知得分平均为(64.46±23.99)分,不同文化程度、职业孕妇认知得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);86.47%的孕妇不赞成长期服用营养素补充剂。结论孕妇营养素补充剂的使用具有一定普遍性,医生推荐是孕妇选用营养补充剂的主要原因;孕妇营养素补充剂使用与年龄、职业、文化程度、家庭收入等因素有关。

Objective To evaluate dietary supplements and its influence factors among pregnant women for reasonable selection of nutritional supplements during pregnancy.Methods Questionnaire interviews by trained interviewers were used to collect information on general characters,consumption of dietary supplements,knowledge and attitude to dietary supplements among 473 pregnant women.The women were grouped into control,progestational,gestation,and progestational and gestation group according to the period of supplements usage.Chi-square test,t test,and F test were used to analyze the data with SPSS 16.0.Results Among the women,274（57.93%）selected dietary supplements.Among the women using ditary supplements,41.67% followed doctors＇ recommendations and the dietary supplements most frequently selected were vitamins and compound of vitamins and minerals,with 31.75% of the women taking two or more dietary supplements at the same time.Compared with the control group,the difference in educational level was significant between progestational group and progestational and gestation group（P0.01）;the differences in occupation and family income were significant between gestation group and progestational and gestation group（P0.01）.The pregnant women＇s cognition scores of dietary supplements were relatively low with an average score of 64.46 ± 23.99.The pregnant women with different educational background and occupation had different scores of dietary supplements（P0.01）.Of all the women,86.47% disapproved of taking dietary supplements for a long time and 65.12% thought it was unnecessary to take dietary supplements for adults.Only 51.37% of the women expressed their desires to get more related information.Conclusion Using dietary supplements is universal during gestation,but the choice and cognition of dietary supplements are unbalanced in the pregnant women with different educational level,occupation,income,and age.