驾驶员A型行为及个性特征与事故倾向性关系

Association of type-A behavior and personality with accident proneness among drivers

目的探讨驾驶员A型行为及个性特征与其事故倾向性的关系,为减少交通事故的发生提供参考依据。方法采用1:1配对病例对照研究方法对在广西南宁市抽取的46对事故组和对照组驾驶员进行问卷调查。结果事故组驾驶员时间紧迫感(TH)、A型行为(TH+CH)、精神质(P)和情绪性(N)因子得分分别为(13.22±3.91)、(25.63±6.17)(、6.93±3.31)和(9.83±5.91)分,均高于对照组的(11.54±3.68)(、23.04±5.67)(、5.07±2.70)和(7.26±3.40)分(P<0.05);掩饰性(L)因子得分为(12.17±3.99)分,低于对照组的(13.61±3.44)分(t=-2.08,P=0.04);事故组驾龄≤15年驾驶员TH、争强好胜和缺乏耐性(CH)、A型行为、P、N因子得分分别为(13.67±3.85)(、12.73±2.83)(、26.39±6.06)(、7.03±3.04)和(10.42±6.11)分,均高于对照组的(11.16±3.53)、(11.09±2.88)(、22.25±5.61)(、5.00±2.49)和(7.44±3.47)分(P<0.05);L因子得分为(11.91±4.05)分,低于对照组的(13.75±3.09)分(t=-2.05,P<0.05);单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,内外向(OR=1.21)和精神质(OR=1.26)是驾驶员事故倾向性的危险因素;事故组驾驶员A型行为类型评定量表中TH、CH因子得分与艾森克个性问卷中N、P因子得分均呈正相关关系(P<0.01),与L因子得分均呈负相关关系(P<0.01)。结论驾驶员A型行为及个性特征与其事故倾向性有关;个性内外向和精神质是驾驶员事故倾向性的危险因素。

Objective To assess the association of type-A behavior and personality with accident proneness among drivers and to provide evidence for reducing traffic accidents.Methods With 1∶ 1 matched case-control study,46 pairs of drivers from Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region completed type-A behavior questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） scale.Results The score of time urgency（TH）,type A behavior（TABS）,mental quality（P）,and emotional（N） were 13.22±3.91,25.63±6.17,6.93±3.31,and 9.83±5.91,respectively,and were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group（11.54±3.68,23.04±5.67,5.07±2.70,and 7.26±3.40）（P0.05 for all）.The lie score（L）（12.17±3.99）for case group was lower than the control group（13.61±3.44）（t=-2.08,P0.05）.TH,CH,TABS,P,and N of the drivers with 15 years driving experience or more in the case group were 13.67±3.85,12.73±2.83,26.39±6.06,7.03±3.04,and 10.42±6.11 and significantly higher than those of the control group（11.16±3.53,11.09±2.88,22.25±5.61,5.00±2.49,and 7.44±3.47）（P0.05 for all）,but the L score（11.91±4.05） was lower than that of the control group（13.75±3.09）（P0.05）.The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that internal and external personality（odds ratio=1.2）and mental quality（OR=1.26） were risk factors for driver accident proneness.Among the drivers in the case group,there were a significant positive correlation between the score of TABS and P or N score of EPQ（P0.01） and a significant negative correlation of TABS with L score（P0.01）.Conclusion The driver accident proneness has relation to type-A behavior and the personality.Both internal and external personality and mental quality are risk factors for driver accident proneness.