云南省农村妇女宫颈癌防治知识及影响因素分析

Cervical cancer-related knowledge among women in rural areas of Yunnan province

目的了解云南省农村地区适龄妇女子宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况及其影响因素,为今后有针对性的开展健康教育提供参考依据。方法在云南省临沧市临翔区选取30～59岁、自愿参加宫颈癌早诊早治项目的农村适龄妇女2 648人,采用问卷调查方法,了解子宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况;采用潜在类别模型,分析不同知晓类型及其影响因素。结果云南省农村地区适龄妇女对子宫颈癌防治知识的知晓程度较低,知晓人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染是子宫颈癌的必要病因者仅有2.91%;潜在类别分析提取7类不同的知晓特征类型(潜在类别),其中潜在类别7人群对问卷项目选择肯定回答的总体条件概率最高,为0.775,表明知晓情况最好;多因素分析结果显示,潜在类别7人群的受教育程度最高(P<0.05);潜在类别5人群少数民族比例高于潜在类别7人群(P<0.01);潜在类别7人群的家庭人均年收入水平高于类别13、5、人群,低于类别24、、6人群(P<0.01)。结论云南省农村地区适龄妇女子宫颈癌防治知识知晓程度有待提高,知晓程度的主要潜在影响因素是受教育水平较低和少数民族人群。

Objective To explore the status of cervical cancer-related knowledge among rural women in Yunnan province for health education and promotion.Methods Statistical description was used to analyze the cancer-related knowledge among the women aged 30-59 years.An exploratory latent class analysis was used to identify latent class pattern of cervical cancer-related knowledge.Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to clarify the differences in demographic characteristics among latent classes.Results The cervical cancer-related knowledge status among the rural women was poor and the awareness rate about necessary cause of cervical cancer was the lowest（2.91%）.Seven latent classes were extracted.The 7th class got the highest awareness rate.The 7th class was the best educated population（P0.05）.The proportion of minority in the 5th class was higher than in the 7th class（P0.01）.The amount of household income of the 7th class was moderate in the seven groups（P0.01）.Conclusion The cervical cancer-related knowledge status among the rural women in Yunan province is poor.Health education should be focused on women with lower educational attainment and minority population.