凉山彝族地区中老年人骨密度影响因素调查分析

Survey on influencial factors of bone mineral density in middle and elder persons living in Yi ethnic area of Liangshan

目的探讨凉山彝族地区中老年人骨密度(bone mineral density BMD)的现状及骨质疏松症的发病率,为骨质疏松症发病相关危险因素及骨质疏松防治提供科学依据。方法长期居住在凉山彝族地区的50岁以上的中老年人群760例(男381例,女379例),准确记录性别、年龄及种族,采用双能X线骨密度仪进行腰椎(L1～5)前后位BMD测量,并按5岁为1个年龄组分组。以峰值BMD减低2.5倍标准差为诊断骨质疏松症标准。结果随年龄增加BMD逐渐下降(P<0.05),女性55岁后骨量下降较男性显著(P<0.05),骨质疏松患病率随年龄增加而上升(P<0.05),女性高于男性(P<0.01)。结论年龄及性别是骨量减少的主要危险因素:凉山彝族地区中老年人群随着年龄的增长,BMD逐渐降低,骨质疏松患病率明显增加,女性更为明显;运动是骨量减少的保护因子:彝族老年人骨质疏松较汉族老年人发病偏少(P<0.05),可能与彝族人居住在高山地区,交通不便,多以步行及体力劳动较多有关。

To ective To explore bone miheral density （BMD） and the status of osteoporosis incidence in middle and elder persons living in Yi ethnic area of Liangshan for osteoporosis disease and osteoporosis related risk factors and providing the scientific basis. Methods 760 subjects （381 men and 379 women） who inhabited for a long time in Yi ethnic area of Liangshan,age over 50 years old were accurately recorded in gender,age and race, the check included X- ray in BMD apparatus of lumbar （L1--LS） before and after BMD measurement,and the subjects were grouped in a 5 years old age. Peak BMD SD 2.5 was set for diagnosis of osteoporosis standards. Results BMD gradually declined with gradually increasing age （ P d0.05） ,women subjects over 55 years old showed significant loss in bone mass than men subjects （ P 〈 0.05 ）, osteoporosis incidence increased with age （ P 〈0.05 ）, women more than men （ P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion Gender and age are major risk factors of bone loss：middle- and elder people in Yi ethnic area of Liangshan gradually lose BMD with the age,the risks of osteoporosis for women are more obvious;Sport is protection factor for bone loss： the osteoporosis for Yi ethnic is significantly less than that for Han ethnic（ P d0.05）,the possibility of which lies living in the mountains,traffic inconvenience, more relevant walk and ohvsical labor.