不同播期对绿豆品种主要农艺性状的影响

Effects of different sowing dates on major agronomic traits of mung bean varieties

【目的】探讨不同播期对绿豆产量等性状的影响,为实现绿豆的良种良法配套及综合评价优良绿豆品种的丰产性和适应性提供参考。【方法】以3个夏播绿豆品种(系)L24、L26和L38为试材,研究4个播期对绿豆主要农艺性状的影响。【结果】第1和3播期生育期最短(65d),第2播期生育期最长(74d)。绿豆品种(系)、播期处理籽粒产量效应极显著。L26和L38平均籽粒产量相似,均显著高于L24,第4播期的籽粒产量显著高于其他3种播期。株高、主茎节数、叶片长、叶片宽和单株荚数受品种影响不大,受播期影响较大。荚长主要受品种的影响,荚宽、单株产量和百粒重受品种和播期的影响均较显著。L26和L38单株产量相似,均显著高于L24。平均单株产量最大的是第4播期,其次是第3播期。3个绿豆品种,平均百粒重以L26最大,其次是L38。第4播期的百粒重最大,且显著高于其他3种播期。播期处理对主茎分枝数和单荚粒数的影响不显著。【结论】第4播期(8月8日)为较适宜的绿豆播种期,L26和L38可作为以收获豆粒产量为目标的高产绿豆品种进行种植,极具开发潜力。

[Objective]In order to develop efficient cultivation technologies using fine varieties and to comprehensively assess the fertility and adaptability of elite mung bean varieties, the effects of different sowing dates on agronomic traits of mung bean were explored. [Method]In the present experiment, effects of 4 sowing dates （11 May, 10 June, 9 July and 8 August） on major agronomic traits of three summer mung bean varieties （lines）, viz., L24, L26 and L38 were studied. [Result]The growth duration of mung bean sown on 1st and 3rd sowing dates were the shortest （65 d）, while it was the longest （74 d） in those sown on the 2nd sowing date. The average yield of kernel and per each plant of varieties L26 and L38 were similar, and higher than that of L24. The yield of kernel in the beans sown on 4th sowing date was significantly higher than those sown on other dates. Sowing dates, irrespective of the varieties, played a significant role in plant height, number of nodes in primary stem, leaf length, leaf width and pods per plant. The pod length significantly differed in different varieties. The pod width, yield per plant and the 100-grain weight were influenced by both varieties as well as sowing dates. The average yield of each plant in beans sown on 4th sowing date was recorded as the highest, followed by yield of mung beans sown on 3rd sowing date. Significant differences in 100-grain weight was observed amongst all the three mung bean varieties （lines）. The 100-grain weight of L26 was recorded as the highest, followed by L38. The 100-grain weight in mung bean varieties sown on 4th sowing date was the highest and significantly higher than those sown on the other 3 sowing dates. The effects of sowing dates were not significant in case of branches of primary stem and the kernels per pod. [Conclusion]The 4th sowing date（8 August）was found relatively appropriate, and the varieties L26 and L38 were potential high-yielding.