广西桂北地区油菜施肥效应研究

Effects of N,P and K fertilizer on rapeseed in north areas of Guangxi

【目的】研究不同施肥组合对广西桂北地区油菜产量的影响,为确定油菜最高产量施肥量和最佳效益施肥量提供参考依据。【方法】设不同施肥水平N(0、89.8、150、179.36、269.4、359.2kg/ha)、P2O5(0、60.0、107.4、120.0、240.0kg/ha)、K2O(0、60.0、107.4、120.0、240.0kg/ha)组合,共13个处理进行田间试验,根据试验测产数据建立三元二次和一元二次肥料效应模型,以寻求油菜的最高产量和最佳经济施肥量进行寻优。【结果】处理13(N3P3K4)的油菜籽产量最高,为1911.2kg/ha,比CK处理(N0P0K0)增产760.1%;处理2(N3P3K3)产投比最高,为9.03,增加收益3744元/ha。【结论】通过拟合的肥料效应方程,得出最高产量施肥量为N239.6kg/ha、P2O5120.3kg/ha、K2O188.9kg/ha,最佳效益施肥量为N208.9kg/ha、P2O598.1kg/ha、K2O173.0kg/ha。

[Objective]An experiment was conducted to observe effects of different fertilizer mixtures on yield of rape seeds in rice growing areas of northern Guangxi in order to find out most economical application rate of fertilizers. [Method]Various combinations of different amount of N （89.8, 150.0, 179.6, 269.4 and 359.2 kg/ha）, P2O5（60.0, 107.4, 120.0, 240.0 kg/ha）and K2O（60.0, 107.4, 120.0, 240.0 kg/ha）were applied in rice field. Ternary quadratic and unitary quadratic fertilizer effect models were established and optimized on the basis of experimental data to find out the best fertilizer combination.[Result]Treatment No. 13（N3P3K4）produced the highest yield of rapeseed （1911.2 kg/ha）, which increased by 760.1% over control （N0P0K0）. Treatment No.2（N3P3K3） recorded the highest ratio of output to input（15.9） with 3744 Yuan/ha revenue increment. [Conclusion]According to the fitting equation of fertilizer effect, the N, P2O5 and K2O application rates supporting maximum yield of rapeseed were 239.6,120.3 and 188.9 kg/ha, respectively, and the most economical application rates of N, P2O5 and K2O were 208.9, 98.1 and 173 kg/ha, respectively.