东部平原矿区不同培肥处理对复垦土壤特性的影响

The Impacts of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Reclaimed Soil Properties in Eastern Plain Mine Area

为了解决矿区复垦土地质量不高的问题，在小区模拟复垦地上进行有机无机配合施肥（FM）、施用有机肥（M）、施用无机肥（F）、种植绿肥（GF）以及不施肥（CK）等5种处理措施。通过3年定位培肥小区试验，研究不同培肥处理对土壤理化性质和农作物产量的影响。结果表明：不同培肥处理措施下，有机质、N、P、K在土壤中的含量具有分层现象，其在0-20cm表层（L1）中大于20-40cm亚表层（L2）；从培肥处理对土壤肥力大小影响来看，不同处理间表现为：FM〉GF〉F〉M〉CK；从玉米株高、产量等长势来看，不同处理间表现为：FM〉F〉M〉CK，与土壤肥力不同处理间的变化一致。综合分析来看，有机肥化肥配合施用对复垦土壤的培肥效果最好，是改良复垦土壤的有效方法。

In order to solve the problem of soil quality of mine reclaimed land was lower, 5 kinds of fertility treatments were set in the simulation of land reclamation area, including organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer mixed （FM）, inorganic fertilizer （F）, organic fertilizer （M）, planting green fertilizer （GF） and no fertilizer （CK）. Through 3 years of location fertilization experiment, different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yield were researched. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter, N, P; K showed the stratification phenomenon, which was lower in sub-surface layer （L2） with depth 20-40 cm than that in the surface layer （L1） with depth 0-20 era. The effect of fertilization treatments on soil fertility were different, soil fertility level was in order of FM〉F〉M〉CK. The plant height and product were in order of FM〉F〉M〉CK, which was same trend with soil fertility. Comprehensive analysis showed that the effect of the treatment of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer mixed on soil fertility increase was obvious, which was effective method of improved soil fertility.