AVRDC的大豆种质资源研究

SOYBEAN GERMPLASM RESEARCH AT AVRDC

根据 AVRDC历年研究年报内容 ,本文简要介绍了其大豆种质资源研究进展。从 1 973年到 1 995年底 AVRDC共收集大豆种质资源 1 3,6 1 8份 ,目前已全部保存在中期库和长期库中。 1 986年建立了一套完整的中心化种质引进系统 ,新引进种质主要信息供所有科学家利用。针对热带地区大豆种子储存难的问题 ,对大豆种质储藏条件、种子寿命 ,储藏期间的生化物质变化及保存技术进行了较多的研究。大豆育种家、病理学家、昆虫学家及种子研究室的研究人员对 AVRDC收集的大部分种质 ,对高产、早熟、光周期不敏感、抗病、虫等性状进行了评价 ,筛选出一些供育种利用的有益的基因源。利用筛选出的优异种质 ,AVRDC的科学家配制了大量不同育种目标的杂交组合 ,培育出了一大批结合高产、抗病、早熟、光温不敏感 ,适合热带、亚热带地区种植的高代选系。AVRDC还免费向国家育种机构或个人发放其收集的种质、育成的低代或高代选系 ,大量种质的扩散促进了其在亚热带、热带地区的利用。

According to AVRDC annual Progress Reports, We reviewed the advances of soybean germplasm researches at AVRDC. AVRDC had introduced 13,618 soybean germplasm accessions from more than 50 countries or areas during 1973-1995.All the soybean accessions are conserved in long-term and medium-term storage rooms. A new centralized germplasm introduction system was setablished in 1986 and has been used since that time. All the collections have their own passport data which are available to all scientists. In order to understand the nature of difficulty for storage of soybean seeds, more researches were conducted on storage techniques, storage conditions, seed longevity, changes of seed chemical substances in the period of storage. Almost all the collections were evaluated on the traits of high yielding, early maturity, insensitivity to photoperiod, resistance to diseases or insect pests etc. Some accessions were characterized based on IBPGR's descriptors for soybean. The researchers on soybean breeding, pathology, entomology, seed scicence screened a number of genotypes with desirable traits. By using these desirable germplasm, scientists of AVRDC have developed a lot of AGS lines or GC lines, which are high yielding with resistance or tolerance to soybean diseases, or with early maturity, or with insensitivity to photoperids and adapt to plant in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The soybean accessions and breeding lines collected at AVRDC have been distributed to the national institutions and private persons who asked for them. The wide distribution of AVRDC soybean collections has enlarged their utilization in tropical and subtropical countries.