非物质文化遗产保护的一个认识误区

A misunderstanding to the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage

在非物质文化遗产普查和各级"非遗"名录的申报和项目保护上,口头传承的"民间文学"类陷入了一个误区。许多地方政府文化主管部门未能给予足够的重视。进入国家级名录的民间文学项目只有84个,占全部1028个项目的8%,与80年代搜集记录下来的民间文学文本(故事184万篇、歌谣300万首、与700万条)和民间实际的蕴藏量极不相称。作者举出20世纪80年代东北、华北、西北、华东、西南五个大区的91个"常见故事"和"故事类型",一个也没有被地方申报,故而一个也没有能够进入名录,得到国家层面上的保护。民间文学传承人只有32名,占全国进入名录的777人的4%。许多著名的作品没有进入国家级名录,使国家级名录的权威性受到损害。亟待在理念上和实际工作上作出调整。

As for general survey of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the declaration and project protection of ＂Intangible Cultural Heritage List＂ at all levels, ＂Folk Literature＂ in tile oral tradition has gone into a misunderstanding. Many local government cultural departments are in charge of failing to give sufficient attention. There are only 84 Folk Literature projects in the national directory, accounting for 8% of all 1028 projects, which does not match Folk Literature texts （1.84 million stories, 3 million songs and 7 million items of songs） collected and recorded in the q980s and folk actual reserves. The author will cite 91 ＂common stories＂ and ＂story types＂ from five zones of northeast, north, northwest, east and southwest in the 1980s. None of them has been under local declaration, so they have not been in the directory and not got the protection at the national level. There are only 32 Folk Literature inheritors, accounting for 4~ of all 777 inheritors in the directory. Many famous works have not been in the national directory, which has brought damage to the authority of the national directory. It is a great need to make some adjustments in concept and practical work.