经典与非经典生物操纵理论及其应用

Theory and application of biomanipulation and non-traditional biomanipulation

湖泊是我国的重要水资源之一,为人类提供了无法替代的生态及社会服务功能。但我国湖泊富营养化日趋严重。以食物网为基础的经典与非经典生物操纵成为湖泊富营养化修复的重要理论支撑。论文综述了经典与非经典生物操纵理论的原理、发展与应用,分析了鱼类(肉食性、滤食性)、浮游动物在控制藻类数量上发挥的功能,并讨论了两种理论的适用条件及实际应用中遇到的问题,以期为我国富营养化湖泊修复工作提供参考。经典与非经典生物操纵理论均是通过改变食物网结构控制藻类,分别利用浮游动物、滤食性鱼类控制藻类数量,但两者都未降低水中N、P含量。因此,实施有效的藻类水华生物操纵应与其它修复措施联合使用。

Lakes are very important water resources and play important roles in ecology services and social economy. However, the lakes in our country become more and more eutrophic. The classical biomanipulation and nontraditional biomanipulation have become the theory foundation of lake eutrophication phytoremediation. The present paper introduces the principles, developments and applications of biomanipulation and nontraditional biomanipulation, explains the effects of carnivorous, herbivorous fish and zooplankton on controlling the amount of algae, and analyzes the applicable conditions and problems during the application of these two theories. The classical biomanipulation and nontraditional biornanipulation controlled the amount of algae by changing the structure of aquatic food web through zooplankton and fish, respectively, but can not reduce the load of nitrogen and phosphorus in water. Therefore, an effective biological manipulation must be combined with other methods.