广东省有居民海岛土地利用景观格局变化分析

Analysis on the Spatial Changes of Landscape Pattern of the Inhabited Islands in Guangdong Province

通过目视解译获取了广东省南澳岛、达濠岛、横琴岛、高栏岛、上川岛、海陵岛和南三岛7个有居民海岛1990和2008年的土地利用数据,计算土地利用类型的分维度、分离度、破碎度、多样性、优势度和均匀度等景观指数。对比两个时期土地利用类型的面积,建设用地和水域面积不断增加;耕地和林地面积不断减少。土地利用类型的分维度、分离度和破碎度主要受海岛地形、土地利用斑块的分布、数量和大小的控制,如林地分布主要在丘陵区,分布集中,斑块大,数量少,因此3个指数都相对较小。受人类开发活动的影响,土地利用有斑块破碎化和类型越来越丰富的趋势,土地类型多样性指数和均匀度指数不断增加,优势度指数不断减少。

The land use data of eight inhabited islands in Guangdong Province,including Nanao Island,Dahao Island,Hengqin Island,Gaolan Island,Shangchuan Island,Hailing Island and Nansan Island in 1990 and 2008 was acquired through visual interpretation,the fractal dimension,isolation index,fragmentation index,diversity index,dominance index and evenness index of the land use types were calculated.Through comparing the area of each land use type in 1990 and 2008,it was found out that the area of both the construction land and waters increased,while that of woodland and farmland decreased.The fractal dimension,isolation index and fragmentation index of the land use types were influenced by the island terrain and the distribution,quantity and size of land patch.For example,the distribution of woodland was mainly concentrated in the hilly areas with large patch area but small quantity,thus the fractal dimension,isolation index and fragmentation index of woodland were relatively small.Influenced by human development activities,the fragmentation and types of land patch became richer and richer,the diversity and evenness indices of land types kept increasing,while the dominance index kept decreasing.