竹类生态护坡效益探讨

Discussion on the Benefits of Ecological Slope Protection of Bamboo

生态护坡是指用活的植物覆盖坡面,使用有生命的植物与非生命的材料有机结合的方式代替纯工程防护的方式,而形成的一种保护生态环境的新技术。生态护坡不仅可涵养水源,防止水土流失,加固边坡,提高边坡表面抗冲蚀能力,而且是一种最经济的防护形式。国外早在20世纪20年代就开始了关于生态护坡的研究,有许多成功经验可以借鉴。国内研究从20世纪90年代随着高等级公路建设开始而全面展开,已取得部分成果。总体上看国内研究多集中于水土保持学方面的研究,而对坡面植物根系的工程力学作用以及植被防护与工程防护相结合的防护研究开展较少,在理论研究上远落后于工程实践。在植被护坡的植物选择上多采用进口草坪植物,本地物种应用较少。我国是竹类植物种类最多、利用最早的国家,竹类植物主要生长于山地及坡地地带,其根系发达,固土能力强,加固边坡表层的功能强大。探讨竹类植物在生态护坡中应用的可行性意义重大。

Ecological slope protection is a new technique to protect ecological environment using the method of living plant coverage slope and the dynamic integration methods of living plants and non-living materials instead of pure engineering protection.Ecological slope protection can protect water resources and prevent soil erosion,reinforce side slope and improve anti-erosion ability of side slope surface,moreover,it is the most economic protection form.In abroad,as early as 1920s,the study on ecological slope protection was started,thus,a lot of successful experience can be learned;at home,the study developed overall with the construction of high class road since 1990s and achieved some results.In general,the study mainly focused on soil and water conservation at home,but less on engineering mechanics effects of slope plant root system and the combined study of vegetation protection and engineering protection,moreover,the study on theoretical study was lagging far behind engineering practice.In plants selection,import lawn plants were usually used and the application of native species was less.Our country is the most bamboo plant species and the earliest utilization country,bamboo plants mainly grow in mountainous regions and sloping fields,its root system is developed and soil conservation ability is stronger,moreover,the function of reinforcing side slope surface is greater.Finally,the greater significance of the application of bamboo plants in ecological slope protection is discussed.