果园气力式静电喷雾机的开发及应用前景

The Development of Pneumatic Electrostatic Spraying in Orchard and the Application Prospect

首先,综述了国内外静电喷雾技术发展现状,针对新疆目前果园施药过程中漂移、流失严重及环境日益恶化的问题,设计开发了一种有效降低农药施用量,提高农药在靶标上的附着率,减少对人体和环境的污染的新型果园气力式静电喷雾机。该机采用静电感应原理,将带上电荷的雾滴,在静电力和高速气流作用下直接送至靶标。该喷雾机具有良好的经济效益和社会效益:对农户而言,可将农药有效利用率提高到60%以上,药液损失减少50%,降低防治成本10%～20%,节省农药25%左右;对企业而言,投资该项目的试算利税率可达21.4%,效益非常好;整机只需拖拉机手一人操作即可,高效低污染,十分符合国家环保和"三农"政策。因此,这种新型的果园气力式静电喷雾机具有良好的推广应用前景。

The development status of electrostatic spraying technology at home and abroad were summarized,and for problems of drift,serious erosion and environment worsening orchard spraying in Xinjiang,a new pneumatic electrostatic spraying was designed,which can reduce the amount of pesticide in the target effectively and improve the adhesion rate,can reduce pollution on the human body and the environment.The machine uses electrostatic induction principle,will produce electrically charged spray droplets which are carried into the plant canopy in a high speed.The spraying machine has good economic and social benefits,for peasant households,the effective utilization rate of pesticides could rise to above 60%,liquid medicine losses reduce 50%,control cost reduce 10%-20%,and save 25% of pesticides;for enterprises,the trial profittax rate of investment could reach to 21.4%,and the benefit is very good;and the complete machine can be operated by tractorman,the machine has the characteristics of high efficiency and low pollution,and is conform to national environment protection standard and ＂three agriculture＂ policies.Therefore,this new type of orchard electrostatic spraying technology has good popularization and application prospect.