降解地膜覆盖对土壤环境和旱地向日葵生长发育的影响

Research of Soil Environment and Sunflower Growth in Dry Land Mulching Degradable Plastic Film

为了减轻农田白色污染,提高旱作区农作物温度和水分利用效率,在阴山北麓进行了地膜覆盖模拟试验。研究不同覆膜处理对土壤温度、水分和旱地向日葵生长发育的影响。结果表明:覆膜处理较露地处理地温平均提高了3℃左右,日本降解膜增温作用最为明显。2009年与2010年,日本降解膜处理的向日葵水分利用效率分别为8.19、7.23kg/(hm2.mm),表现均高于其他试验处理。从生长发育结果来看,日本膜处理的向日葵生育期较露地处理和广东膜处理有所提前,籽实产量等性状指标值与普通地膜无显著差异,但均显著高于露地处理。从地膜降解结果来看,广东膜裂解早,增温保墒作用不足;日本膜约90天分解为碎块,此时向日葵已渡过低温期,日本膜增温保墒作用良好,对向日葵增产作用显著,同时生态环保,适宜在该干旱半干旱地区推广。

To reduce plastic pollution of farmland and improve utilization efficiency of temperature and water of crops.The effects of film mulching on soil temperature,moisture and growth of sunflowers in dryland,plastic film mulching tests were studied in the north foot of the Yinshan Mountain.The results showed that：the average earth temperature increased about 3℃ of plastic film treats,and warming effect of Japan’s degradation film was the most significant.In 2009 and 2010,water use efficiency of Japanese degradable mulch was 8.19 kg/（hm2.mm）,7.23 kg/（hm2.mm） respectively,which was higher than other treatments.The results of the sunflower growth and development conditions showed that：the growth process of sunflower dealt with Japanese film was advanced than that in open field and that treated with Guangdong membrane.There was no significant difference between Japanese films and ordinary films with the most characters,whereas those characters such as kernels yield were significantly higher than those of un-mulching treatments.Analysis from the degradation results showed that：sunflower crossing over the low temperature period 90 days after,the Japanese film broken down into pieces quickly.To sum up,the Japanese film could enhance the ability of soil moisture conservation and increase sunflower yield,at the same time it was environmental,so we should popularize the Japanese degradable mulch in arid and semi-arid areas.