土壤动物群落多样性对3种种植模式的响应研究

The Response of Diversity of Soil Fauna Community to Three Cropping Patterns

为合理筛选适宜种植模式,维持农业的可持续发展提供参考。采用手捡法和改进的Tullgren干漏斗法,研究休闲轮作(FRCs)、稻菜轮作(RVCs)、蔬菜连作(VCCs)3种种植模式下,土壤动物群落组成及多样性。结果表明,3个处理样点共获得各类土壤动物526只,经鉴定有3门9纲14目。与VCCs、FRCs处理相比,RVCs处理条件下引发了一些类群的发生与消长,造成了部分类群的缺失,形成了不同的优势类群。土壤动物数量0～15cm土层均多于15～30cm土层,分别较15～30cm土层多出15.7%、86.6%和110.0%。RVCs处理Shannon-Weiner指数(H)、Pielou均匀性指数(E)、Simpson优势度指数(C)均为最大,且0～15cm土层高于15～30cm土层。土壤动物类群的相似性综合分析表明,VCCs处理与FRCs处理类群的相似性系数较高,与RVCs处理类群的相似性系数较小。

To create a reference by which to select optimal planting patterns,and maintain sustainable development of farmland ecosystems,the hand retrieval and Tullgren dry funnel methods were used to study community composition and diversity of soil fauna in three different cropping patterns;fallow rotation cycles（FRCs）,rice-vegetable rotation cycles（RVCs）,and vegetable continuous cropping cycles（VCCs）.A total of 526 fauna were observed within the three rotation systems,belonging to 9 different phylogenetic classes and 14 different orders.The soil fauna diversity of the VCC,RFC and RVC patterns within the 0-15 cm soil layer averaged respective 15.7%,86.6% and 110.0% higher than the 15-30 cm soil layer.The Shannon-Wiener index（H）,Pielou evenness index（E）,and Simpson Dominance index（C） of RVC treatment all reflected highest diversity within the RVC rotation system,as compared to the other two rotation patterns