承认与认同:民国西南少数民族的身份建构

Recognition and Identity: On the Identity Construction of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China in the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期,西南少数民族的身份建构即是在他者承认(包括国内的和国外的)与自我认同的相互作用下展开的。国内的他者大致可分为政学两界人士以及普通人,国外他者主要包括侵略势力、传教士、科考人员等。政学两界作为国内他者的主流,其承认或努力建构的西南少数民族身份是国族的一分子,普通人却停留在对少数民族固有的偏见当中;国外的他者却都在塑造和提高少数民族的特别之处。作为主体的西南少数民族则在他者的影响下,逐渐改变其原有的意识,努力建构自己新的身份。

During the period of the Republic of China,identity construction of the ethnic minorities in Southwest China was conducted under the interaction between recognition of others（including the domestic ＂others＂ and overseas ＂others＂） and self-identity.The domestic ＂others＂ include the political and academic circles and the general public while the overseas ＂others＂ include invaders,missionaries and scientific investigators.The political and academic circles,representing the main body of domestic ＂others＂,recognized the ethnic minorities in Southwest China as members of the Chinese nation while the general public still had bias against the ethnic minorities.The overseas ＂others＂ all tried to shape and improve what was special of the ethnic minorities.The ethnic minorities in Southwest China,under the influence of ＂others＂,have gradually changed their foregone conceptions and tried hard to build their own new identity.