中国哲学“道”之隐喻概念化探微

Metaphoric Conceptualization of "Tao" in Chinese Philosophy

从认知语言学的视角考察了中国哲学之"道"的概念建构方式,以《道德经》的语言观和"道"的隐喻工作机制为依据,说明隐喻于《道德经》不是修辞现象,而是老子用以建构其核心哲学概念的认知工具;研究进一步分析了"道"的隐喻类型与概念建构方式,以语料分析论证了"体验性假说"在中国哲学文本中的适应性;提出"道"的概念化机制显示了多域映射与语义冲突两大特征,其与道家哲学的"有物混成"、"有无相生"的思想存在内在联系,并探讨了这种联系所折射的中华认知方式其在汉语言文化上的表征。

This paper researches on the metaphoric conceptualization of ＂Tao＂ of Chinese Philosophy from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Based on the language view expressed in Laozi and the metaphoric similarities created for the interpretation of ＂Tao＂ in the book, this paper points out that metaphor is a cognitive tool employed by Laozi to conceptualize ＂Tao＂ rather than a rhetoric device to polish the language. Data in Laozi show that the conceptual metaphors for ＂Tao＂ fall into 3 categories, which verifies the adaptability of the Embodiment Hypothesis of Cognitive Linguistics in the Chinese philosophic text. Moreover, interrelated with the philosophic connotations of Taoism that ＂Tao is the blending of all creations＂ and ＂You and Wu contrast and co-work as two integral parts of existence＂, the metaphoric mechanism of ＂Tao＂ is identified by the present author as ＂cross-domain mapping＂ and ＂semantic conflict＂, characteristic of the Chinese construal of the world and represen- ted by the word formation of Chinese language.