青海某农村居民身体活动情况实证调查

Empirical Analysis of Physical Activity of Rural Residents in Qinghai Province

目的了解青海省某农村居民业余锻炼和交通往来等身体活动量的特点。方法对青海省某国家级贫困县的两个自然村的18周岁及以上的居民询问业余锻炼和交通往来活动的信息,并进行体格检查、血压水平和空腹指尖血糖值测量。结果 908人中273人(30.1%)和79人(8.7%)分别为超重和肥胖,304人(33.5%)为中心性肥胖,222人(24.4%)和40人(6.1%)分别为高血压患者和糖尿病患者;分别有167人(18.4%)、354人(39.0%)和177人(19.5%)参与骑自行车、步行和业余锻炼,参与者的活动时间中位数分别为11.0 min/d、30.0min/d和30.0 min/d,65～87岁组业余锻炼率最高并且锻炼时间最长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。该人群中身体活动水平偏低、中等和较高者的比例分别为66.1%(600人)、28.3%(257人)和5.6%(51人)。18～岁组低活动水平的比例(73.0%)显著高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。人群业余时间用于看电视、阅读、使用电脑等静态行为合计时间中位数为90 min/d。结论该人群慢性病的患病形势较为严峻,业余锻炼率较低,总的身体活动量可能不足。积极开展身体活动促进可能是该人群慢性病防治的一个重要内容。

Objective To explore the characteristics of physical activity of rural residents in Qinghai. Methods All the adult rural residents from two villages of a state - designated poor county in Qinghai province were enrolled. Their information about traffic physical activity and leisure time exercise were inquired, anthropemetric measurement and blood pressure were taken, and finger stick testing was used for fasting blood glucose. Results Of 908 rural adults enrolled, 273 （30. 1% ） were overweight, 79 （8.7%） were obese, 304 （33.5%） had abdominal adiposity, 222 （24.4%） had hypertension and 40 （6. I% ） had diabetes. There were 167 （ 18. 4% ） who participated in bicycle exercise, 354 （39. 0% ） in walking exercise, and 177 （ 19. 5% ） in leisure time exercise, with the median times being respectively 11. 0 min/d, 30. 0 min/d and 30. 0 min/ d. The highest exercise participation rate and the longest activity time per day were found in 65 - 87 - year - old group （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The percentages of people in the 65 - 87 - year - old group whose physical activity was lower, meddle, and higher were 66. 1% （600）, 28.3% （257） and 5.6% （51） respectively. The percentage （73.0%） of persons in the 18 - - year - old group whose physical activity was lower was significantly higher than those in the other groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The median of total time for sedentary behaviors of the population in their spare times such as watching ＇IV, readings and using computer was 90 rain/ d. Conclusion The rural residents from Qinghai are of serious status suffering from chronic diseases, their percentage of taking exercise is lower, and the total physical activity volume may be insufficient. It may be an important content for the population to prevent and control chronic diseases through active physical activities.