中国慢性病前瞻性研究：研究方法和调查对象的基线特征

The China Kadoorie Biobank： related methodology and baseline characteristics of the participants

目的探讨环境、个体生活方式、体格和生化指标以及遗传易感性等因素对中国成年人主要慢性病发生、发展的影响。方法中国慢性病前瞻性研究为一项建立有生物样本库的超大型前瞻性队列研究。2004--2008年在城市和农村各5个地区开展基线调查，包括问卷调查、体格检查和血液样本采集。2008年对随机抽取5％的队列成员进行第一次重复调查。通过常规和定向监测对队列成员进行长期全死因监测和四类主要慢性病的发病监测，并从全民医疗保险数据库获取个体全病种入院诊疗信息。结果基线调查共人选30～79（平均51．5）岁512891名对象。其中男性占41．0％，农村人群占55．9％。队列人群男女性现在吸烟率分别为61．3％和2．4％；男性过去一年中每周至少一次饮酒率为33．4％，女性为2．1％；超重肥胖（BMI≥24．0kg／m2）率，男性为41．8％，女性为45．3％；调查时SBP≥140mmHg或DBP≥90mmHg（1mmHg=1．33kPa）的比例男性为32．2％，女性为30．2％。不同年龄、性别和地区各主要调查指标均有差异。结论中国不同地区、年龄、性别及出生年代人群具有不同的慢性病暴露谱。

Objective To study the separate and combined effects of environment, lifestyle, physical characteristics, blood biomarkers and genetic factors on aetiology of major chronic diseases in adult Chinese. Methods China Kadoorie Biobank （CKB） is a large blood-based prospective cohort study. The baseline survey took place in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China during 2004-2008, with collection of data through questionnaire, physical examination and blood samples. Following the baseline survey, 5% of the randomly selected participants were surveyed in 2008, and repeated every 4-5 years. All participants would be followed for cause-specific mortality and morbidity through registries and for any hospital admission through linkages with health insurance databases. Results Overall, 512 891 adults aged 30-79 years （mean 51.5） were recruited, including 41.0% men and 55.9% from rural areas. Blood collection was successfully done in 99.98% of the participants. The prevalence of current regular smoking was 61.3% in men and 2.4% in women. The prevalence of regular alcohol consumption （i.e., weekly） was 33.4% in men and 2.1% in women. At the baseline,41.8% of men and 45.3% of women were overweight or obese （i.e., BMI≥24.0 kg/m2） and 32.2% of men and 30.2% of women were hypertensive （i.e., SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg）. For each of the main baseline variables, there were large variations on age, sex and areas of study. Conclusion CKB seemed to be a powerful and rich resource in studying the environmental and genetic determinants of major chronic diseases in the Chinese population.