泥炭沉积与气候变化的泥炭记录

PEAT DEPOSITS AND THEIR EVIDENCE OFCLIMATIC CHANGES:A REVIEW

气候变化是影响全球泥炭沼泽分布和演化的最重要的因子之一,而泥炭地由于自身的特点成为过去气候变化的良好地质档案。在介绍泥炭沉积过程及不同类型的泥炭沼泽的发育特点基础上,从过去气候变化的常用泥炭记录和泥炭地碳记录等方面总结了国际上针对泥炭地反演气候变化研究的若干重要进展,重点剖析了泥炭腐殖化度、植物残体、有壳变形虫、生物标志化合物、同位素和孢粉等泥炭地过去气候变化重建的代用指标的适用范围和优缺点,同时也分析了泥炭地碳累积和碳循环等热点研究问题。最后从泥炭地作为过去气候变化的记录档案、泥炭地对现在气候变化的响应与反馈及在泥炭地进行现场气候变化监测与实验等方面对泥炭地与气候变化研究进行了展望。

Climate is the variation determines the most important determinant of the distribution and character of peatlands, and its location, typology and biodiversity of peatlands through the world＇s peatlands preserve, in the constantly accumulating peat, a unique record of their own development as well as of past climate changes, and are good geological archives of variation in climate and regional environment. Based on the discussion of peat deposition process and the development characteristics of different types of mires, this paper systematically reviewed international paleoclimatic studies about peat sediments from the two perspectives of the common climatic proxies and the carbon records in peatlands. The scopes of application as well as merits and demerits of six common climatic proxies including peat humification, peat macrofossils, testate amoebae, biomarker compounds, stable isotopes and pollen are analysed in detail, and the re- cent hot issues on carbon accumulation and carbon cycles in peatlands are also involved. Finally, the im- portant research fields and contents in peatlands and climate changes are summarized based on four as- pects： past climate variability reconstructed from peatlands, impacts of recent global climate variations on peatlands, potential feedbacks mechanisms of peatlands to climate change, and current direct observations and measurements on climatic and ecological conditions in peatlands.