试论二里头夏文化遗址中礼器符号类型与表意途径

On Sign Type and Expressing Ways of Sacrificial Vessels from the Archeology Site of Xia Culture in Erlitou

与夏文化密切相关的河南二里头文化遗址中出土了两套礼器类型——专属礼器与日常礼器。专属礼器仅在专门的礼仪场合中使用,是传统礼器的延续。日常礼器则将日常器物礼器化,是礼器中的新变。专属礼器与礼仪开始阶段的神秘属性相关,是意义稳定、闭合的符号类型,需要依靠空间的辅助来帮助其顺利完成意义传递;日常礼器则需要通过功能的增加获得礼仪意义的丰富性,因此多以器物联合的方式控制礼仪中的时间以起到日常行为"形式化"的礼仪效果。专属礼器与日常礼器出现,代表了夏人符号思维"理据性"与"系统性"的双重维度。

Two types of sacrificial vessels were unearthed from the archeology site of Erlitou in Henan province which is related to Xia Dynasty: special sacrificial vessel and daily sacrificial vessel.As the succession of traditional sacrificial vessel,the special type was used in special ceremonial situation.The daily type was the new change from daily tools in sacrificial vessels.The special one was related to the mysterious nature in the starting period of the forming of ceremony,and was the closed sign type with stable meanings,and needed to depend on the help of space to finish transmitting meaning;the daily one needed to achieve the diverse meanings of ceremonies through adding more functions,so it often controlled time in ceremonies by uniting tools so as to 'formalize'daily actions.The appearance of both special and daily sacrificial vessels represented that Xia people’s sign thinking was with both the two dimensions of 'ration'and 'system'.