岩溶发育地区隧道勘察设计经验与施工对策

Design experience and construction strategies of tunnel in karst development area

岩溶发育及分布的未知性与地形地貌的不规则性造成岩溶隧道围岩条件十分复杂,岩溶隧道的设计理论与施工技术一直是隧道工程界的研究热点和难点.结合隧道工程的特点,阐述岩溶发育区基岩类型,总结溶沟、落水洞、岩溶洼地、盲谷等典型岩溶地貌的基本特征及对隧道工程安全性的影响,概括隧道工程中常见的岩溶区地下水系统,形成岩溶隧道勘察设计原则,指出初步设计勘察阶段、详勘阶段与施工图设计阶段的设计要点和注意事项,并依托贵州省内多座典型岩溶隧道,结合设计、咨询及施工配合中发现的问题,从勘察设计角度进行总结,以期为岩溶地区的隧道设计与施工对策提供参考.

The unascertained characteristics of the karst development and distribution, and the irregularity of the topography, caused the complexity of the karst tunnel surrounding rock condition. The karst tunnel design theory and construction technology has always been a hot and difficult issue in the field of tunnel engineering. Through considering the characteristics of the tunnel project, this article e- laborates the basic types of the karst development area, and summarizes the basic features and the in- fluence on the tunnel engineering security of the typical karst landforms, which including grike, sink- hole, karst depression, blind valley etc. The common groundwater system of the tunnel engineering in the karst area was also generalized, and the survey and design principle in the karst area were taken. The design points and considerations in the preliminary design stage, in detailed survey and design stage and in construction design stage were pointed out. Based on several typical karst tunnel in Guizhou province, and by considering the problem found in the design, consultation and construction, this article summarizes the problems from the perspective of survey and design, aiming at providing reference for the tunnel design and construction in the karst area.