面向人类健康环境的城市设计方法探索

The Approach of Urban Design to Human Health and Condition

新世纪到来后的十多年间,人类遭受了多次大规模爆发的疾病疫情,从SARS、禽流感、甲流,到最近欧洲爆发的肠出血性大肠杆菌疫情,其诱因都和动植物及自然环境有着密不可分的联系。人们在被动防御的同时,更应该思考如何通过各种手段,改善人类生存条件,减少建成环境对人类健康的危害。本文借鉴了美国在城市设计方面的研究,探讨了城市设计与人类健康及环境的关系,指出城市设计是改善人类生存条件的有力工具。并从个人与专业两个层面来探讨解决方案,强调城市规划与设计之间的跨学科合作,以及在塑造居住环境方面的公众参与。

The population of the world is currently experiencing increased illness from dispersed and synergistic causes.These diverse illnesses join with forest fragmentation,stream degradation,wetlands destruction,and the concomitant loss of native species to suggest detrimental contributions from the built environment.This paper surveys the state of the science on the impacts of urban design on human health and wellbeing.It reveals urban design as a powerful tool for improving human condition.Solutions are discussed at the personal and professional level,emphasizing cross-disciplinary collaboration in urban planning and design,and the participation of residents in shaping their living environment.