客属围屋 唯我侨乡

Hakka Enclosed Houses in Oversea Chinese Village

在粤东梅州客家地区分布着大量的围屋式民居,明朝成化年间开基的南口镇的侨乡村,在1.5km2的范围内就分布着31座清末民初兴建的百年客家围屋,是围屋聚落最密集的乡村之一。同时这里建筑类型丰富,有民居、祠堂、学塾、庙宇等,民居建筑中又有围龙屋、杠横屋、华侨大屋、别墅洋楼等多种形式。其建筑布局和营造在节约土地、灾害防御、建筑功能和空间营造等方面均体现处独到的科学和艺术性,值得我们深入研究、借鉴和保护利用。

In Hakka area of Meizhou, there are a plenty of enclosed houses. The Oversea Chinese Village in Nankou Town is one group of them, with the foundation laidin Ming Dynasty. Within 1.5 km distance, there are 31 enclosed houses, built in late Qing Dynasty to early Republic era. This is one of the densest areas for enclosed houses. The building typology is rich here, with residences, ancestral temples, schools, and temples. For residential buildings, they have Weilong Houses （Enclosed Houses）, Hengliang Houses （House with Horizontal Beams）, Huaqiao Houses （Oversea Chinese House） and Villas. The choices of location and layout of these buildings were with full considerations on land saving, disaster prevention, function and place making, which are worth researching, learning from and protecting.