生命周期评价理论及在建筑领域中的应用综述

Life Cycle Assessment and Its Application in Building Sustainability

生命周期评价通过对建筑产品从原材料挖掘到报废拆除整个生命期的分析,为全面衡量建筑的可持续能力提供了工具。在介绍生命周期评价概念和理论框架的基础上,对生命周期评价三种主要模型(过程生命周期评价模型、投入-产出生命周期评价模型、混合生命周期评价模型)的内容与特点进行了总结。针对目前国内外研究现状,回顾了生命周期评价在建筑材料与部品和整体建筑产品的应用,对生命周期评价在建筑领域中的发展给予展望。研究深入了当前对于生命期评价理论的认识与了解,指明了全生命周期评价模型在建筑可持续能力评估方面的优点与不足,推动了全生命周期评价理论在我国的丰富与发展。

Focusing on the entire life span of buildings from raw material extraction to end-life demolition, the life cycle assessment （LCA） provides a tool for complete evaluation of building sustainability. Based on the origin concept and theoretical framework of LCA, this study introduces the methodology and characteristics of three LCA models, including process-based LCA model, input-output LCA model, and hybrid LCA model, and summarizes applications of LCA in building materials and components and building products with the review of status quo of studies. At last, directions for the development of LCA in building sustainability are put forward. Results of this study deepen the understanding of LCA theory, clarify the strength and weakness of LCA models in building sustainability evaluation, and hope to promote the development of LCA in China.