中国优秀运动员形象特征的质性研究

Qualitative Research on the Chinese Elite Athletes Figure Characteristics

采用质性研究的方法,以国内外优秀运动员访谈录为主要质性材料,旨在通过对中国优秀运动员形象特征的历史演变、职业发展阶段差异、中外差异,找寻其定位标准。研究发现:1)中国优秀运动员形象特征包括荣誉观、个性观、胜负观、心理状态、教练员的影响、技战术意识、公众意识、集体观、退役选择及文化知识10个维度,随时代变迁的4个阶段和自身职业发展的3个阶段而表现出差异性;2)中国优秀运动员形象特征随时代变迁而演变,主要表现为:民族、国家荣誉观到个人理想荣誉观的形象变迁;内敛胜负观到张扬胜负观的形象变迁;赛场调节到赛场霸气的形象变迁;3)中、外优秀运动员形象特征的差异性主要表现在编码结果趋势化和语义差异的文化内涵两个方面。

With the method of qualitative research, using Chinese and foreign elite athlete＇s in- terview data as the main qualitative research materials, this paper made study on the historical evolution, career development differences between Chinese and foreign elite athletes and discov- ered the location rule of the Chinese elite athletes ＇ figure characteristics. The result showed that 1） The Chinese elite athlete figure characteristics contained 10 dimensions including the view of honor, individuality, success or failure, metal state, influence of coaches, consciousness of techniques and tactics, public consciousness and collective conception, selection of decommis- sioning and cultural knowledge. 2） The Chinese elite athlete figure had developed with change of time continuously. The development could be showed in the changes of views, such as the honor views, result views and figure characteristics views. And the Chinese elite athletes had their own figure characteristics. 3） The differences of the figure characteristics between Chi- nese and foreign athletes were mainly showed on the encoding data tendency and cultural con- notation of semantic differences.