张之洞辖区灾荒及其影响论略

The Famine of ZHANG Zhi-dong' s Area of Jurisdiction and its Impact on the Area

晚清时期,自然灾害频繁发生,其中尤以光绪年间为重。张之洞为官时就处于这样一个时代。无论是其出任山西巡抚时期,还是督任两广、湖广时期,其辖区灾荒都极为严重。从人口方面讲,灾荒所造成的直接影响就是哀鸿遍野、走死流亡。从农业生产而言,灾荒所带来的影响主要表现在三个方面:一是灾荒导致被灾地区土地大量荒芜;二是老百姓的物质财富因之而遭到严重破坏;三是有些自然灾害发生的本身就是对社会物质财富的极大摧残。所有这些均给农业生产的恢复造成一定困难。传统工商业也遭到致命打击而一蹶不振。此外,灾荒还造成了严重的社会动荡,等等。

In the late Qing period, natural disasters occured frequently, especially in the emperor Guangxu years. Zhang Zhidong is in such an era. Whether as the governor of Shanxi, or the governor of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei and Hunan , the famine is extremely serious. From a population perspective, the direct impact caused by the famine is devastated, go die in exile. From agricultural production, the impact of famine mainly in three aspects： First, the famine led to a lot of barren land to be disaster areas; Second, the material wealth of people lends been severely damaged; Third, some natural disaster itself is the great destruction of material wealth of society. It caused that the recovery of agricultural production was difficult. Traditional business also suffered a fatal blow to the depressed. In addition, the famine also caused serious social unrest, and so on.