社会身份复杂性的研究:理论、方法与进展

Social Identity Complexity: Theories, Methods and Advances

近十年来,"社会身份复杂性"这个概念逐渐引起社会心理学研究者的关注。社会身份复杂性是指个体对多重内群体身份之间的关系进行主观表征的方式,反映了个体对自己的多重内群体身份之间感知到的重叠程度。当个体感知到的重叠程度较高时,他们的社会身份复杂性就较低;反之,当个体感知到的重叠程度较低时,他们的社会身份复杂性就较高。本文首先简要介绍了多重内群体身份表征模型,然后从社会身份复杂性的理论内容、测量方法、作用以及影响因素等方面对以往的相关研究进行了回顾。最后,指出未来的研究应侧重对社会身份复杂性理论和研究设计的进一步完善、问卷量表的效度验证,并加强研究结果的具体应用。

Social identity complexity is one recent focus of social psychology, which refers to the way in which individuals subjectively represent the relationships among their multiple ingroup memberships. Social identity complexity reflects the degree of overlap perceived to exist between groups of which a person is simultaneously a member. When the overlap of multiple ingroups is perceived to be high, social identity complexity is low. Conversely, when the overlap of multiple ingroups is perceived to be low, social identity complexity is high. After a brief introduction of multiple ingroups representation model, this article systematically reviewed the researches on the contents and methods of social identity complexity, as well as the antecedents and consequences of social identity complexity. Finally, future studies should strive to forward theory and research design, validity verification of scales and the application of results.