幸灾乐祸:人性“底部”的邪恶快感

Schadenfreude: Malicious Joy at the Base of Human Nature

幸灾乐祸,指因他人的厄运而快乐。幸灾乐祸的本质属性是一种阴暗的情感,作为一种基于社会竞争和社会比较的社会情感,它是情境化的、由多因素决定,具有积极的情感效价,且不利于人际和谐,具有反社会性。幸灾乐祸的前因可由目标定向、关系定向和综合定向三种分类体系进行解释;功能研究方面,自我提升是当下主流观点;在前因和功能之间,还应存在机制研究,表现为工作机制的反照效应假设和流动补偿假设。

The verbal content cue is one of the three deception detecting cues. There are four major models of verbal content cue： criteria-based content analysis, reality monitoring, interpersonal deception theory and verbal immediacy. The 4 models arc very different in basis of theory and veracity of detecting deception. In addition, the reliability of verbal content cues are influenced by individual and social factors, such as age, social skill, culture, event familiar, interpersonal communication and interview strategy. The future studies should develop the verbal content cues by integrating models, studying active detecting skills and combining nonverbal behavior cues.