小麦品种百农AK58及其姊妹系的遗传构成分析

Genetic Analysis of Broad-grown Wheat Cultivar Bainong AK58 and Its Sib Lines

百农AK58是目前我国黄淮南部麦区大面积种植的小麦品种。利用表型、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基、蛋白质含量及覆盖小麦全基因组的657对SSR分子标记分析了百农AK58姊妹系及其亲本的遗传构成,以发现大面积品种的亲本选配规律。百农AK58在小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和单株穗数上略优于其姊妹系丰收60和百农4330。百农AK58的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合与亲本郑州8960相同,为(1,7+8,5+10),其姊妹系丰收60和百农4330的亚基组合与亲本温麦6号相同,均为(1,7+9,5+10)。SSR标记分析表明,百农AK58对亲本周麦11、温麦6号和郑州8960遗传成分的继承率分别为47.4%、28.9%和23.7%,而丰收60的继承率分别为47.9%、30.7%和21.4%。可见,这2个品种在遗传上与周麦11有较大的相似性。百农4330继承这3个亲本的遗传成分比例非常相近,分别为33.1%、32.4%和34.6%。在A、B、D基因组及染色体水平上,3个亲本品种对后代的遗传贡献率也表现不均衡性。百农AK58有40个不同于丰收60和百农4330的SSR特异位点,主要分布于1A、4A、5A、6A、1B、4B、5B、6B、7B、1D、2D、3D和7D染色体,其中多数位点已知存在与产量、抗病等重要农艺性状相关的基因,推测这些特异位点在百农AK58成为大面积种植品种中发挥了重要作用。

Bainong AK58 has been growing widely in Southern Huang-Huai Rivers Facultative Winter Wheat Region in China. Bainong AK58 and its two sib lines, Fengshou 60 and Bainong 4330, were evaluated based on agronomic traits, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit （HMW-GS）, protein content, and 657 SSR markers distributing across the whole genome of wheat. Bainong AK58 had more spikelets, grains per spike, spikes per plant, and larger 1000-grain weight than the sib lines, and the number of sterile spikelets in Bainong AK58 was less than that in Fengshou 60 and Bainong 4330. Bainong AK58 had the same HMW-GS composition （1, 7＋8, 5＋10） as its parent Zhengzhou 8960, whereas Fengshou 60, Bainong 4330 and their parent Wenmai 6 had the identical HMW-GS composition （1, 7＋9, 5＋10）. SSR data revealed that the rates of genetic information inher-ited from parents Zhoumai 11, Wenmai 6, and Zhenzhou 8960 were 47.4%, 28.9%, and 23.7% for Bainong AK58, and 47.9%, 30.7%, and 21.4% for Fengshou 60, respectively. This indicated that Bainong AK58 and Fengshou 60 were most similar to parent Zhoumai 11. Bainong 4330 inherited nearly equal genetic components from the three parents （33.1%, 32.4%, and 34.6%, respec-tively）. The genetic contributions from the three parents to the three sib lines were unbalanced on either genomic level or chro-mosomal level. Furthermore, Bainong AK58 had 40 specific SSR loci compared to its sib lines, which were distributed on chro-mosomes 1A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 1B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 1D, 2D, 3D, and 7D. Most of the loci were related to known genes controlling important traits, such as yield and resistance to diseases. These loci might play an important role on the broad planting of Bainong AK58.