中国北方主栽花生品种抗旱性鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of Drought Resistance in Different Peanut Varie-ties Widely Grown in Northern China

人工控水条件下,通过盆栽试验,在花生植株的结荚期和饱果期,测定29个品种(系)的株高、分枝数、生物累积量、叶片含水量和光合色素含量等与抗旱性有关的13个表型性状和生理生化指标,采用抗旱系数法和隶属函数值法,鉴定各性状指标水分胁迫下的抗旱性。结果表明,相同指标评价不同花生品种抗旱性时得出的结果不同,依此可将供试品种(系)划分为抗旱性强、中、弱和不抗旱4类,即供试品种中唐科8号、冀花2号、冀花4号、花育25、花育17、花育22、大唐油、花育21具有较强的抗旱能力;花育20、花育24、潍花6号、花育27、鲁花11、阜花11、阜花13、唐油4号、丰花1号和G2具有中等抗旱能力;具有较弱抗旱能力的品种(系)有16-8、阜花10号、M5、花育16和鲁花14;而花育19、花育23、丰花6号、潍花8号、M7和TE-2在结荚期和饱果期均无抗旱能力。水分胁迫至结荚期,除分枝数和类胡萝卜素外,其余各形态性状和生理生化指标及其综合D值均可作为鉴定品种(系)抗旱性的依据;水分胁迫至饱果期,只有叶面积与抗旱系数间的相关极显著。无论在结荚期或饱果期,综合D值可作为鉴定品种抗旱性的指标,单一指标均不能准确判定某品种(系)的抗旱性。

It is necessary to systematically identify and evaluate drought-resistant varieties for stable development of peanut pro- duction in arid and semi-arid regions in northern China. To establish drought resistance index of peanut varieties, we determined 13 morphological and biochemical indices including plant height, number of branch, biomass, leaf water content and photosyn- thetic pigment content in the pot experiment at pod setting and pod filling stages with 29 peanut varieties （lines） widely grown in north China under artificial water stress condition. Drought resistances of varieties were scored with drought coefficient method and subordinate function value under water stresses. The results showed that the same index of drought resistance characterized in different peanut varieties achieved different results, and 29 peanut varieties were divided into four grads： high tolerant, moderate tolerant, weaker tolerant, and drought susceptible. In the 29 varieties （lines）, we screened out the high drought tolerant varieties consisting of Tangke 8, Jihua 2, Jihua 4, Huayu 25, Huayu 17, Huayu 22, Datangyou, and Huayu 21. The varieties （lines） of Huayu 20, Huayu 24, Weihua 6, Huayu 27, Luhua 11, Fuhua 11, Fuhua 13, Tangyou 4, Fenghua 1, and G2 had moderate drought resistance. The varieties （lines） with weaker drought resistance were 16-8, Fuhua 10, M5, Huayu 16, and Luhua 14. At pod setting and pod filling stages Huayu 19, Huayu 23, Fenghua 6, Weihua 8, M7, and TE-2 were all drought susceptible. From seedling to pod setting stages under water stress, all morphological and biochemical indices but the number of branch and carotenoid content and their comprehensive D-values could be taken as evaluation criteria. From seedling to pod filling stages under water stress, there only existed significanct correlation between leaf area and drought resistance. Either at pod setting or pod filling stages un- der water stress, comprehensive D-value of the indices had significant correlation with drought resistance, which could be used to identify peanuts drought resistance.