班固的史学史论述与史学史意识

Ban Gu's Historiographic Discourse and Historiographic Consciousness

史学史的研究近年来已从文本与思想的讨论深掘到意识层面的探索,历史意识、史学意识乃至史学史意识都成为探讨的课题。对完成重要著作的史家而言,作品即思想的表现,常蕴含了他的史学史意识在其中,研究者经由史学史意识的分析,往往更能了解其史学的诉求。虽然在班固的时代,"史学"与"史学史"的名词都还没出现,就语境而言,讨论他的史学史论述与史学史意识未免唐突古人,但是使用现代学术语言作为分析工具,实乃不得不然。班固《汉书》的出现,不论从体例、内容还是思想方面观察,皆有其自我的认识,这个认识与他的史学史意识或学术史意识有密切关系。本文爬梳《汉书》中有关史学史的论述,探讨班固如何看待史官传统、史籍流传、《春秋》性质、以及自己著作的学术定位等问题,并于结论中指出班固史学史论述与史学史意识的特点与意义。

The research in recent years on historiography has already progressed from the discussions of historiographic text and thought to the deeper explorations of the historical consciousness, historiographic consciousness and even the consciousness of history of historiography. As the expression of thought, historical works often contains within it historian＇s consciousness of history of historiography, through the analyses of which researchers are often thereby able to further understand the historiographic practice. As for Ban Gu＇s HANSHU, observations of its format, contents, and thought all point to a form of self-understanding, which is intimately related to the author＇s historiographic consciousness. The paper is a study of the features and significance of Ban Gu＇s historiographic discourse and historiographic consciousness.