历史批判与现实关怀:清代中期史学家的风俗论

Historical Criticism and Realistic Solicitude:The Custom Theory of Historians in the Middle Qing Dynasty

探讨古今风俗之流变及其与历史演进的关系,是清代中期史学发展上的一个重要现象。清代中期的史学家评论风俗的重点,一是考察了清代以前风俗对朝代盛衰的积极和消极影响;二是批判清代中期社会上出现的不良风气,倡导士大夫阶层在引领风俗的良性发展上扮演重要角色,特别强调士大夫要树立廉耻观念。他们还总结出风俗的时代性、相对稳定性、地域性和民族性等特征。清代中期的风俗论,反映了考史学家的经世思想,体现了乾嘉史学的历史批判精神和关怀现实的学术品格,具有重要的现实价值和学术意义。

In the Middle Qing Dynasty, historians investigated the reason of social stability and chaos, paid more and more attention to the development of custom between ancient and modern. On the one hand, historians studied the positive and negative effects on the history development by the social atmosphere. On the other hand, they critiqued the unhealthy social atmosphere in the Middle Qing Dynasty. They advocated that the scholar-bureaucrat should play an important role in leading the social atmosphere, and have the idea of honor and shame. They also recognized that the custom has the times, relative stability, regional and national characteristics. Their theory of the custom reflects the historical criticism and realistic solicitude