远志化学及药理作用研究进展

Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Polygala tenuifolia Willd.:research advances

远志(Polygala tenuifolia Willd.),又名细叶远志,是传统中药远志最重要的基源植物,具有益智安神、消痰驱肿之功效。远志中化学成分主要包含三萜皂苷类、糖酯类、哐山酮类,也含有少量的生物碱、香豆素、木质素等。研究表明,远志在抗痴呆、脑保护、镇静、抗惊厥、抗抑郁、祛痰镇咳、保护心脑血管等方面具有良好活性。同时,远志具有刺激性及毒性,但通过炮制、配伍能够使其刺激性及毒性降低。本文主要对远志的化学成分及其药理活性进行总结,为远志的研究与应用提供参考。

Polygala tenuifolia Willd.,the main source of traditional Chinese medicine ＂Yuanzhi＂,is used as expectorant,tonic,sedative and preventing dementia agents.P.tenuifolia has been reported to be enriched with triterpenoid saponins,oligosaccharide esters,xanthones,and also contains a small amount of alkaloids,coumarins,lignins,etc..These substances show various bioactivities,such as anti-dementia,brain protection,sedative hypnotic,anticonvulsant,antidepressant,cough expectorant,antibacterial,anticancer,and analgesic activities,etc..Studies also show that P.tenuifolia has pungency and toxicity but which can be reduced through processing and compatibility.In this paper,the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of P.tenuifolia are summarized,aiming at providing help for its research and application.