支气管哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原检测结果分析

The Analysis of Aeroallergen Test Results for Bronchial Asthma in Children

目的了解潍坊地区哮喘患儿的主要吸入性过敏原,为支气管哮喘的预防及诊治提供参考。方法对160例支气管哮喘患儿进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),并对试验结果进行统计学分析。结果 160例被检测患儿中阳性136例(85.00%)。最常见的2种吸入性过敏原为屋尘螨和粉尘螨,分别占总阳性例数的77.94%、74.26%,其余依次为狗上皮(12.50%)、青霉菌(11.03%)等;3～岁组与0～岁组屋尘螨、粉尘螨阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=6.913,P<0.05;χ2=4.149,P<0.05);7～岁组与0～岁组屋尘螨阳性率比较有显著性差异(χ2=6.094,P<0.05;χ2=4.489,P<0.05),但粉尘螨阳性率比较无显著性差异(χ2=2.649,P>0.05)。结论屋尘螨、粉尘螨是潍坊地区最常见的过敏原;年长儿较婴幼儿吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺的阳性率高;吸入性过敏原是儿童支气管哮喘最常见的诱发因素。

Objective To investigate major aeroallergens of children with bronchial asthma in Weifang region,so as to provide suggestions for prevention,clinical diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.Methods Skin Prick Test（SPT） was conducted on 160 children with bronchial asthma,and the findings were analyzed statistically.Results The SPT was performed on 160 cases,among which 136 cases were positive（positive rate is 85.00%）.Two most common aeroallergens are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（DP）,dermatophagoides farinae（DF） and the positive rates were 77.94% and 74.26% respectively,followed by dog epithelium（12.50%）,penicillium notatum（11.03%）,and so on.The differences of DP and DF between the age groups of 3 to 7 and 0 to 3 are statistically significant（χ2=6.913,P〈0.05,χ2=4.149,P〈0.05）.Comparing the age group of 3 to 7 with the group of 0 to 3,the positive rate of DP and DF has significant differences（χ2=6.094,P〈0.05,χ2=4.489,P〈0.05）.However,comparing the age group of 7 to 14 with the group of 0 to 3,the positive rate of DP has insignificant differences（χ2=2.649,P〉0.05）.Conclusion DP and DF are two major allergens causing children＇s bronchial asthma in Weifang region.SPT positive rate of aeroallergens of older children was higher than that of the nursling.Aeroallergens are the most common contributors of children bronchial asthma.