当代美国高校博物馆专业课程设置及成因分析

Museum Studies Curriculum in Contemporary American Universities and Its Causal Factors

近年来,美国高校本科、研究生阶段博物馆专业课程设置体系成熟完善,学制呈现多元模式。形成这种博物馆专业课程设置体系与其理论、制度、社会、历史、文化以及国际上博物馆人才培训指导思想等因素存在因果联系。在这些因素中,新博物馆学理论及后现代主义课程观为其提供了理论指导;美国宽松的教育制度及职业—课程—专业的课程设置模式为其提供了制度保障及课程设置模型;美国政治、经济、科技发展的社会因素为其提供了政策、资金、技术保证;美国高校博物馆专业课程设置成长历史、美国自身成长历史以及美国文化为其提供了历史渊源和文化渊源;国际上博物馆人才培训指导思想为其走向提供了方向。因此,分析美国高校博物馆专业课程设置体系形成的原因,可为中国高校博物馆专业课程设置的发展方向给予有益启示。

The curriculum of museum studies for undergraduate and graduate students in contemporary American universities is well designed and developed, showing great diversity and flexibility. Causal relation-ships exist between the formation of this curriculum system and a series of factors including theories, system, society, history, culture and the guidelines on museum profession trainings adopted worldwide. Specifically, the New Museology theory and postmodern view on curriculum provide a theoretical guidance; the country＇ s relatively liberal education system in general enables the dynamic development; The career-courses-profe-ssion offers a model for practice; The political, economic and technological development in the country provides support in policy, funding and technology; Its developing process and the history and culture of the country serve as the historical and cultural source; The guidelines toward professional training widely accepted in the world point out the direction. To analyze the causative factors of the museum studies curriculum system in Am-erican Universities may provide instructive visions for the development of museum studies curriculum in Chinese universities.