基于学生选择视角的中美大学招生制度比较研究

A Comparative Study of Sino-US College Admission System from the Students' Selection Perspective

美国多元的高校招生、考试、录取制度为每个学生都提供了能够根据自身实力的大小进行选择的升学机会且机会较多;而我国统一招生、统一考试、集中录取、多元补充的招生录取政策则只能使部分学生拥有升学选择的机会且可供选择的机会相对较少,但与此同时我国在考试科目和考试内容设置上的选择自由度则大于美国的考试制度。在两者差异的背后则是高等教育资源、价值取向以及各自体制的不同。通过以上比较给我国带来的启示是要通过不断扩展高等教育规模、增加考试次数,同时允许学生选择考试地点、做到以生为本,采用灵活的录取标准和录取方式,从而增加学生的选择机会。

Students in the United States enjoy more opportunities of college enrollment due to the multiple college enrollment policies,the examination system and the admission system of America,while opportunities for Chinese students are far from supple due to our unified enrollment,examination,centralized admission,multiple additional enrollment policies.However,Chinese admission system offers much freedom of choice in the examination subjects and examination content more than those in the USA examination system,behind which are the differences in higher education resources,the value orientation and the system.The paper is drawing enlightenment to our country that higher education scale should be expanded,examination frequency should be increased,the choice of examination place should be left to students and flexible admission criteria and admission patterns should be adopted to enlarge the students＇ choices under the principle of students-orientation.