玉米生长过程中施肥对土壤呼吸和微生物量碳的影响

Effect of Fertilization on Soil Respiration and Microbial Biomass Carbon during Maize Growth Period

为了阐明玉米生长中土壤呼吸和微生物生物量碳的变化规律与施肥和土壤类型间的关系,运用盆栽试验研究了玉米生长和施肥处理对中国南北典型土壤(黑土和红壤)的土壤呼吸和微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明,施肥条件下,黑土的土壤全氮、有机质、土壤呼吸在玉米的各生长期都没有明显差异,微生物生物量碳含量随着玉米的生长呈增长趋势,且大喇叭口期达到最大;而红壤的土壤全氮、有机质、土壤呼吸和微生物生物量碳都随着玉米的生长呈增长趋势,且大喇叭口期达到最大。在玉米的不同生长期,有机肥处理增加了黑土和红壤的土壤呼吸和微生物生物量碳,而无机肥处理则没有显著影响。另外,在玉米生长的过程中,施用有机肥降低了土壤的微生物的呼吸熵,而施用无机肥则提高了土壤呼吸熵。总之,土壤呼吸速率和微生物生物量碳的含量不仅受到作物生长和施肥的影响,也同样受土壤质地和类型的影响。

The change disciplinarian of soil respiration and microbial biomass C during maize growth were studied to illuminate relation between disciplinarian and fertilization,and between disciplinarian and soil types.The effects of maize growth and fertilization on soil respiration and microbial biomass C were investigated in representative soil of south and north China （black and red soil） in pot experiment.The results showed that soil respiration and microbial biomass C changed with different growth stages,fertilization treatments and soil textures.The effect of maize growth on contents of soil total N and organic matter,and soil respiration in black soil was not obvious,but soil microbial biomass C increased with maize growth,and reached maximum at maize large bugle stage.However,soil total N,organic matter,soil respiration and microbial biomass C in red soil increased with maize growth,and showed maximum at maize large bugle stage.During the maize growth,organic manure treatments increased soil respiration and microbial biomass C in black and red soil,but inorganic fertilizers treatments had a little effect on them.Fertilization treatments showed no significant effects on soil total N and organic matter content in black soil,however,significantly increased soil respiration and microbial biomass C content in red soil.Besides,organic manure treatments decreased soil microbial metabolic quotient,but inorganic fertilizers treatments increased soil microbialmetabolic quotient both in Black soil and in red soil.In conclusion,not only maize growth stages and fertilization treatments but also soil texture influenced soil respiration and microbial biomass C content.