驻马店冬小麦主要气候生态特征与高产关键性栽培技术研究

Study on Zhumadian Main Climate Environment Characteristics of Winter Wheat and High-yield Key Cultivation Techniques

驻马店是河南省重要的小麦产区之一,常年种植面积在66.67万hm2左右,占全市粮食总面积112万hm2的59.5%,小麦总产量稳定在40亿kg以上,占河南省的1/8左右。驻马店的小麦生产在保障河南省乃至全国粮食安全中占据着举足轻重的位置。驻马店所处的地理位置特殊,其气候生态条件和豫北高产地区有明显差异,形成小麦产量三因素中的穗粒数与千粒重明显偏低,限制了小麦单产的提高,夺取高产难度明显较大。2004年以来,小麦公顷产量由5670kg提高到目前的6850.5kg,增长幅度较大,但是年度间存在着产量水平忽高忽低的不稳定性和不平衡性,迫切需要研究出一套适合驻马店小麦生态条件下的高产栽培技术体系,为驻马店小麦高产、稳产和粮食核心区建设提供技术支撑。

Zhumadian is one of the main wheat-producing areas of Henan Province.The annual planting area is about 666700 hm 2,accounting for 59.5% of the city ＇ s total grain area 1120000 hm 2.The total wheat production keep staying beyond 40 billion kg,accounting for 1/8 in Henan Province,and play an important role in food security of Henan Province and the country.Zhumadian is a special geographical position.The climate environment characteristics are obviously different from high yield areas ＇ in the north of Henan.The 1000-grain weight and grains per ear of the 3 yield components were low,which were main character restrictive factors for the yield.At present its average wheat yield was 6850.5 kg/hm 2,which was far more than 5670 kg/hm 2 in 2004.Although people made great progress in the in the past several years,there was a problem calls for immediate solution,which was the production from years were unstable and unbalanced.The author summarized the main problems about environmental effects on wheat and provide information for the high-yield key cultivation techniques.